Machine Learning: Current capabilities

Common libraries provide classification, regression, clustering and preprocessing workflows. Their practical value includes consistent interfaces and reproducible comparisons, not only larger models. Pipeline design is important: preprocessing learned from the complete dataset can leak information into evaluation.

Conformal prediction offers ways to construct prediction sets with coverage guarantees under stated conditions. The guarantee is not that each individual answer is correct or that arbitrary future distribution shifts are harmless. Professionals must distinguish statistical coverage from domain-specific safety.