Cloud Computing: Achievements

The EC2 beta announcement described creating virtual CPUs from machine images and adjusting resources for changing workloads. This made remote infrastructure programmability concrete. Its historical hardware and pricing details are not specifications or prices for today’s service.

NIST SP 800-145 provided a widely referenced definition with five essential characteristics, three service models and four deployment models. It is a conceptual framework; using the terminology does not prove that a service meets a particular reliability or security requirement.

Kubernetes 1.0 followed the project’s public beginnings in June 2014. Its contributor history documents an open orchestration ecosystem around managing container workloads. Orchestration helps coordinate applications; it does not remove the need to design those applications for failure.